Violin body consists of the top plate also called the belly, back plate, ribs, which connect the top and bottom plate at the side and the neck. The backplate, ribs and neck are made of maple or sycamore whereas spruce is generally used for the belly.
The purfling running around the edge of the spruce top provides some protection against cracks originating at the edge. It also allows the top to flex more independently of the rib structure. Painted-on faux purfling  on the top is a sign of an inferior instrument.

Scroll

The main function of the scroll other than to hang up the violin is to be a decorative part. Violin makers show their originality by carving the scroll. Of course, if you listen to music played on the violin on the way to work, or while playing online games at sites like http://www.poker.de/, the scroll will not have any bearing on the quality of the sound which the instrument is able to  produce. However, if you are watching a violinist play live, you may notice that some scrolls are particularly intricate. Here is a Detailed drawing of Violin with named parts.

                                                                Click on the image to enlarge                           

These pegs are  great for those of the violinists who finds the traditional pegs getting slipped of  some time after pushing it into place or the strings broken when you tighten the pegs again. The geared pegs have a very smooth action. The gears are inside the pegs ( not inside the peg box) and because of that,  do not  harm the violin.

Knilling Perfection Pegs

Peg Box

The peg box is the hollowed-out compartment  through which the tuning pegs pass.  It comes below the scroll.  Peg box should withstand the tension of the strings on the pegs, and the pegs should  be laid out to make sure that each string touch only its own peg.

Violin String 
                                                           
Gut strings, which were made from sheep’s intestine were prevalent untill the latter half of 19th century.  Initially Plain gut strings were used. Now they are wound with aluminum or silver and called as gut core.  They have a very good tone with high overtones, but have a very slow response.  They are too sensitive to humidity and temperature and so get out of tune fast. Kaplan Golden Spiral, Pirastro Eudoxa, The Pirastro Gold, Pirastro’s Oliv are some of the leading brands.  Click here for more information and buying 

A synthetic core violin string use perlon ( trade name for a type of nylon) wrapped with silver or aluminum.  These types of strings are not affected by changes in temperature and humidity as much as gut strings.  They stay in tune much better and also have a quicker response.  Thomastik-Dominant, Thomastik-Vision,  Pirastro Tonica, Corelli Alliance, Corelli Crystal, Pirastro Obligato, Evah Pirazzi, Super-Sensitive Sensicore, Thomastik-Infeld Blue,    Thomastik-Infeld Red   are leading brands.  Click on each  for more information and buying.
 
Steel strings were first introduced in the late 19th century. E strings are generally made of steel .  The A, D, and G strings use a core off steel covered with a variety of metals, including chrome steel, silver, tungsten, and titanium. Steel strings have the quickest response. They produce less overtones and are higher in tension and thinner than other types of strings. SuperSensitive Red Label  is  noted for its extreme durability and lower price.  Jargar, Pirastro Piranito - also inexpensive -, D’Addario Helicore are leading brands. Click on each for more information and buying.

Another factor  when buying a violin string is the gauge. Gauge is the diameter of violin string and the tone is critically dependent on the gauge. The larger the diameter, the heavier the string is. Heavier strings require more tension for the same pitch. A heavier violin string will also produce a louder and thicker tone. Heavy, Thick, Stark, Forte are terms used by manufacturers for heavy strings whereas Soft, Light, Dolce, Weich, Thin are terms used for soft strings and Medium, Mittel are terms used for medium gauge strings. These are the most commonly used gauge.

Fine Tuner    

A violin fine tuner is used to fine tune the strings after they come close to tune using the pegs.  Fine tuners makes it easier to tune the violins and so are preferred by many beginner violinists. Some violins have a fine tuner on the tailpiece for the E String, some with fine tuners installed for all the strings. Most fine tuners contains a metal screw that moves against a lever that tighten the strings. If you have a lever style fine tuner, make sure that it does not  damage the top of  violin by rubbing against the top.  Click here  for violin fine tuner.